Minerals & Metallurgy

1. Product DescriptionPetroleum coke?(often abbreviated?pet coke?or?pet coke) is a?carbonaceous?solid delivered from?oil refinery?coker unitsor other?cracking?processes.?Coking processes that can be employed for making pet coke include?contact coking,?fluid coking,?flexicoking?and?delayed coking. Other?coke?has traditionally been delivered from?coal.This coke can either be fuel grade (high in?sulfur?and metals) or anode grade (low in sulfur and metals). The raw coke directly out of the coker is often referred to as?green coke.?In this context, & quot;green& quot; means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by?calcining?in a?rotary kiln?removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke. The?calcined petroleum coke?can be further processed in an anode baking oven in order to produce anode coke of the desired shape and physical properties. 2. Product specificationElementFirst?class1A1B2A2B3A3BSulfurNo?greater than 0.5%0.5%0.8%1.0%1.5%2.0%3.0%V.MNo?greater than 12%12%14%14%17%18%20%AshNo?greater than 0.3%0.3%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.8%1.2%Moisture3%3%3%3%3%3%3%DensityNo?greater than 2.08%2.13%2.13%2.13%2.13%2.13%2.13%Si?content0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%Vanadium?content0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%0.08%3. Types of Pet cokeThere are at least four basic types of petroleum coke, namely, needle coke, honeycomb coke, sponge coke and shot coke. Different types of petroleum coke have different microstructures due to differences in operating variables and nature of feedstock. Significant differences are also to be observed in the properties of the different types of coke, particularly ash and volatile matter contents.Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly?crystalline?petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the?steel?and?aluminium?industries and is particularly valuable because the electrodes must be replaced regularly. Needle coke is produced exclusively from either?FCC?decant oil or coal tar pitch.Honeycomb coke is an intermediate coke, with ellip