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The H. pylori Stool Antigen Test is an in vitro qualitative immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori antigens in human stool specimen. The test results are intended to aid in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic treatment and to confirm the eradication of H. pylori in peptic ulcer patients.
Helicobacter pylori is a corkscrew-shaped, gram-negative rod that lives in the mucous layer of the stomach. H. pylori infection is now accepted as the most common cause of gastritis, and is etiologically involved in gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.1,2 The organism is very common, infected at least half of the world& acute;s population. H. pylori infection is typically acquired in childhood. Once acquired, infection persists chronically, probably continuing in the. stomach throughout life. The damage to gastric structure and function of stomach is constant and direct. Approximately one in six of H. pylori infection develops peptic ulcer disease and a small portion of H. pylori infection leads to gastric cancer.3 The diagnostic tests for H. pylori can be classified into two categories: Invasive and Noninvasive tests. Direct detection by invasive test procedures requires an endoscopy and biopsy specimens from antrum and stomach body.4 The presence of H. pylori is then confirmed by direct culture, histological examination or rapid urease test. The endoscopy and biopsy specimens offer direct detection of active H. pylori infections. Although the procedure is highly specific and high positive predictive value, the cost and discomfort to the patients are very high. The most widely available noninvasive test is probably the serological based test. The serology test detects H. pylori specific IgG antibody in patient serum with current or prior infection.5,6 Serology test is a simple, convenient test with relative high sensitivity. The main limitation of serol